Brother Malcolm

It was the great mans birthday yesterday, he would have been 81.

Happy Birthday El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz



"You can’t drive a knife into a man’s back nine inches, pull it out six inches, and call it progress."

"I believe there will ultimately be a clash between the oppressed and those doing the oppressing. I believe that there will be a clash between those who want freedom, justice and equality for everyone and those who want to continue the system of exploitation. I believe that there will be that kind of clash, but I dont think it will be based on the colour of the skin."

"Don't be in a hurry to condemn because he doesn't do what you do or think as you think or as fast. There was a time when you didn't know what you know today. "

"There is no better than adversity. Every defeat, every heartbreak, every loss, contains its own seed, its own lesson on how to improve your performance the next time. "

"You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom. "

“The future belongs to those who prepare for it today”

“We are living in an era of revolution, and the revolt of the American Negro is part of the rebellion against oppression and colonialism which has characterized this era....It is incorrect to classify the revolt of the Negro as simply a racial conflict of Black against white, or as a purely American problem. Rather, we are today seeing a global rebellion of the oppressed against the oppressor, the exploited against the exploiter.”

“You can’t operate a capitalistic system unless you are vulturistic. You show me a capitalist, I’ll show you a bloodsucker.”

“No religion will ever make me forget the conditions of our people in this country, No God, no religion, no nothing will make me forget it until it stops, until it’s finished, until it’s eliminated. I want to make that point clear.”

"Without education, you are not going anywhere in this world."

"You're not to be so blind with patriotism that you can't face reality. Wrong is wrong, no matter who does it or says it."

"Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law, respect everyone; but if someone puts his hand on you, send him to the cemetery."

"Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice or anything. If you're a man, you take it."

"You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom."

"We want freedom by any means necessary. We want justice by any means necessary. We want equality by any means necessary."

"Anytime you beg another man to set you free, you will never be free. Freedom is something that you have to do for yourself."

"Usually when people are sad, they don't do anything. They just cry over their condition. But when they get angry, they bring about a change."

Scotland, nationalism or socialism?

“Bourgeois nationalism and proletarian internationalism are two implacably opposed slogans, corresponding to two great class camps throughout the entire capitalist world and expressing two policies (rather, two world outlooks) on the national question.”

The wise words of Vladimir Lenin remain as relevant as ever to the revolutionary class warriors of Today, Lenin’s outlook was always one of concrete class politics and revolutionary optimism. In particular his writings on the national question should be studied carefully as we look past a newly emerging barrage of flag waving patriots to find a genuine, rational and realistic solution to the question of independence in Scotland.

It is impossible to understand the nature of the national question without first understanding the nature of the class question, the class system and capitalism. To attempt to find a solution to the national question without making a class based analysis, would be the equivalent of trying to climb Ben Nevis without the necessary equipment, clothing and adequate experience. In other words it is impossible, and can only seek to lead us up the blind alley of petit-bourgeois nationalism.

Let me be perfectly clear, I understand the nature of the imperialist British Empire, I understand that its break up is essential to the building of a socialist society in Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland. But I am a firm believer that any ideas of a “two stage” process towards an independent capitalist nation, which puts socialism on the agenda “later” (in other words “never”) should always be avoided like the plague by socialists in Scotland, or anywhere else for that matter.

We should never be fooled in to thinking that we can find solutions to any problems under capitalism, we should be equally as dismissive when we are told that the dreams of romantic old nationalists can further our cause as workers fighting for class liberation. We must face the problem as it stands, we are socialists struggling for a socialist society, this is the class war, our task is the emancipation of our class and the liquidation of the class system, this struggle is not between English and Scottish, Irish or Welsh, this struggle is not a struggle of nationalities or nations.

There is only one flag that merits our devotion and loyalty, and that flag is neither the Saltire nor is it the Union Jack, the peoples flag, as the old song goes, is deepest red.

Comrades, we must not change its colour now.

Socialism in one country?

Socialism in one country? Is it possible?

I think before deciding on an answer to this question we must establish and agree that socialism means the same thing to each of us. For example, some people might claim that Belarus or Zimbabwe were “socialist” and thus to them “socialism” is possible in one country because it exists.

However, I am theoretically very close to Lenin, Marx and Engels when defining socialism, and so I would claim that although we could see socialism being “built” in one or few countries, we could never see it’s completion, because the only hope for any nation that is constructing socialism lies in the victory of the international socialist revolution and the international proletariat.

If socialism were being constructed in one, or few nations it would be useless and damaging to start declaring that “socialism has been built” – “socialism has been victorious” – “socialism exists” because as we witnessed in the USSR the global pressures of imperialism will never allow the co-existence of socialism and imperialism and the final victory of one over the other is required to end this debate once and for all.

If I were to put it metaphorically, with this rather crude example, imagine the runner of a very long marathon, he has been in the lead for quite some time but competition behind him is heating up, nevertheless he keeps his lead, should he then stop to declare that he is winning? And take the credit and applause for leading the marathon at this stage? Whilst also letting his opponents gain vital ground on him? Or should he continue, focused with his goal in mind to complete the marathon as the leader and the victor?

Anyway, let us look at some definitions of socialism.

"The organisation of society in such a manner that any individual, man or woman, finds at birth equal means for the development of their respective faculties and the utilisation of their labour. The organisation of society in such a manner that the exploitation by one person of the labour of his neighbour would be impossible, and where everyone will be allowed to enjoy the social wealth only to the extent of their contribution to the production of that wealth." August Bebel
Die Frau und der Sozialismus

"Now and then the workers are victorious, but only for a time. The real fruit of their battles lie not in the immediate result, but in the ever expanding union of the workers. This union is helped on by the improved means of communication that are created by Modern Industry, and that place the workers of different localities in contact with one another. It was just this contact that was needed to centralize the numerous local struggles, all of the same character, into one national struggle between classes.

"The essential conditions for the existence and for the sway of the bourgeois class is the formation and augmentation of capital; the condition for capital is wage labor. Wage labor rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. The advance of industry, whose involuntary promoter is the bourgeoisie, replaces the isolation of the laborers, due to competition, by the revolutionary combination, due to association. The development of Modern Industry, therefore, cuts from under its feet the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie produces and appropriates products. What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers.

"And the abolition of this state of things is called by the bourgeois, abolition of individuality and freedom! And rightly so. The abolition of bourgeois individuality, bourgeois independence, and bourgeois freedom is undoubtedly aimed at. ("These measures will, of course, be different in different countries. Nevertheless, in most advanced countries, the following will be generally applicable.")

1. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes.

2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax.

3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance.

4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.

5. Centralization of credit in the banks of the state, by means of a national bank with state capital and an exclusive monopoly.

6. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the state.

7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the state; the bringing into cultivation of waste lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan.

8. Equal obligation of all to work. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.

9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of all the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the populace over the country.

10. Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children's factory labor in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production, etc.
Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels
The Communist Manifesto Chapter 1 and Chapter 2

"The question then arises: What transformation will the state undergo in communist society? In other words, what social functions will remain in existence there that are analogous to present state functions?
"Between capitalist and communist society there lies the period of the revolutionary transformation of the one into the other. Corresponding to this is also a political transition period in which the state can be nothing but the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat.
Karl Marx
Critique of the Gotah Programme Part IV: On Democracy

"The dictatorship of a single class is necessary not only for every class society in general, not only for the proletariat which has overthrown the bourgeoisie, but also for the entire historical period which separates capitalism from "classless society", from communism. Bourgeois states are most varied in form, but their essence is the same: all these states, whatever their form, in the final analysis are inevitably the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie. The transition from capitalism to communism is certainly bound to yield a tremendous abundance and variety of political forms, but the essence will inevitably be the same: the dictatorship of the proletariat.
Vladimir Lenin
The State and Revolution Chpt 2.

"What we have to deal with here is a communist society, not as it has developed on its own foundations, but, on the contrary, just as it emerges from capitalist society; which is thus in every respect, economically, morally, and intellectually, still stamped with the birthmarks of the old society from whose womb it emerges.
"Accordingly, the individual producer receives back from society – after the deductions have been made – exactly what he gives to it..." "But one man is superior to another physically, or mentally, and supplies more labor in the same time, or can labor for a longer time; and labor, to serve as a measure, must be defined by its duration or intensity, otherwise it ceases to be a standard of measurement... "Right, by its very nature, can consist only in the application of an equal standard; but unequal individuals (and they would not be different individuals if they were not unequal) are measurable only by an equal standard insofar as they are brought under an equal point of view, are taken from one definite side only – for instance... one worker is married, another is not; one has more children than another, and so on and so forth. Thus, with an equal performance of labor, and hence an equal in the social consumption fund, one will in fact receive more than another, one will be richer than another, and so on. To avoid all these defects, right, instead of being equal, would have to be unequal."
Karl Marx
Critique of the Gotha Programme Part 1

"The first phase of communism, therefore, cannot yet provide justice and equality; differences, and unjust differences in wealth will still persist, but the exploitation of man by man will have become impossible because it will be impossible to seize the means of production – the factories, machines, land, etc. – and make them private property.... Marx shows the course of development of communist society....which [firstly] consists in the distribution of consumer goods "according to the amount of labor performed" (and not [yet] according to needs)."
"But the scientific distinction between socialism and communism is clear. What is usually called socialism was termed by marx the "first", or lower, phase of communist society. Insofar as the means of production becomes common property, the word "communism" is also applicable here, providing we do not forget that this is not complete communism."
Vladimir Lenin
The State and Revolution Chpt. 5:
The first phase of Communist Society


"Socialism in one country?" The view of Engels

"Will it be possible for this revolution to take place in one country alone?

No. By creating the world market, big industry has already brought all the peoples of the Earth, and especially the civilized peoples, into such close relation with one another that none is independent of what happens to the others.

Further, it has co-ordinated the social development of the civilized countries to such an extent that, in all of them, bourgeoisie and proletariat have become the decisive classes, and the struggle between them the great struggle of the day. It follows that the communist revolution will not merely be a national phenomenon but must take place simultaneously in all civilized countries – that is to say, at least in England, America, France, and Germany.

It will develop in each of the these countries more or less rapidly, according as one country or the other has a more developed industry, greater wealth, a more significant mass of productive forces. Hence, it will go slowest and will meet most obstacles in Germany, most rapidly and with the fewest difficulties in England. It will have a powerful impact on the other countries of the world, and will radically alter the course of development which they have followed up to now, while greatly stepping up its pace.

It is a universal revolution and will, accordingly, have a universal range."
(Engels, The Principles of Communism)


"Socialism in one country?" The view of Lenin

Lenin’s view, like my own, was that socialism could be built in one country but its final victory lay at the hands of the world socialist revolution. To support this claim I provide some quotes from Lenin himself. I have also come across one particular quote from Lenin that contradicts these remarks, and claims that it would be possible to see the victory of socialism in “one or few countries” – one the one hand, if this became his view (it certainly wasn’t in 1917 I’m sure) then he was proven wrong with the collapse of the USSR, on the other hand I’d really like to see this quote in its full context so if anyone is going to provide it (I don’t have it myself) it would be better if it were posted in its entirety.

"We are far from having completed even the transitional period from capitalism to socialism. We have never cherished the hope that we could finish it without the aid of the international proletariat. We never had any illusions on that score The final victory of socialism in a single country is of course impossible. Our contingent of workers and peasants which is upholding Soviet power is one of the contingents of the great world army, which at present has been split by the world war, but which is striving for unity We can now see clearly how far the development of the Revolution will go. The Russian began it - the German, the Frenchman and the Englishman will finish it, and socialism will be victorious." (LCW, Vol. 26, pp. 465-72.)

"The Congress considers the only reliable guarantee of the consolidation of the socialist revolution that has been victorious in Russia to be its conversion into a world working-class revolution." (LCW, from Resolution on War and Peace, Vol. 27. p. 119.)

"We shall achieve final victory only when we succeed at last in conclusively smashing international imperialism, which relies on the tremendous strength of its equipment and discipline. But we shall achieve victory only together with all the workers of other countries, of the whole world" (LCW, Vol. 27, p. 231.)

"To wait until the working classes carry out a revolution on an international scale means that everyone will remain suspended in mid-air It may begin with brilliant success in one country and then go through agonising periods, since final victory is only possible on a world scale, and only by the joint efforts of the workers of all countries." (LCW, Vol. 27, pp. 372-3.)

"We never harboured the illusion that the forces of the proletariat and the revolutionary people of any one country, however heroic and however organised and disciplined they might be, could overthrow international imperialism. That can be done only by the joint efforts of the workers of the world We never deceived ourselves into thinking this could be done by the efforts of one country alone. We knew that our efforts were inevitably leading to a worldwide revolution, and that the war begun by the imperialist governments could not be stopped by the efforts of those governments themselves. It can be stopped only by the efforts of all workers; and when we came to power, our task was to retain that power, that torch of socialism, so that it might scatter as many sparks as possible to add to the growing flames of socialist revolution." (LCW, Vol. 28, pp. 24-5.)

"From the very beginning of the October Revolution, foreign policy and international relations have been the main question facing us. Not merely because from now on all the states of the world are being firmly linked by imperialism into one, dirty, bloody mass, but because the complete victory of the socialist revolution in one country alone is inconceivable and demands the most active co-operation of at least several advanced countries, which do not include Russia We have never been so near to world proletarian revolution as we are now. We have proved we were not mistaken in banking on world proletarian revolution Even if they crush one country, they can never crush the world proletarian revolution, they will only add fuel to the flames that will consume them all." (LCW, Vol. 28, pp. 151-64.)

"The transformation of our Russian Revolution into a socialist revolution was not a dubious venture but a necessity, for there was no other alternative: Anglo-French and American imperialism will inevitably destroy the independence and freedom of Russia if the world socialist revolution, world Bolshevism, does not triumph." (LCW, Vol. 28, p. 188.)

"Complete and final victory on a world scale cannot be achieved in Russia alone; it can be achieved only when the proletariat is victorious in at least all the advanced countries, or, at all events, in some of the largest of the advanced countries. Only then shall we be able to say with absolute confidence that the cause of the proletariat has triumphed, that our first objective - the overthrow of capitalism - has been achieved. We have achieved this objective in one country, and this confronts us with a second task. Since Soviet power has been established, since the bourgeoisie has been overthrown in one country, the second task in to wage the struggle on a world scale, on a different plane, the struggle of the proletarian state surrounded by capitalist states." (LCW, Vol. 29, pp. 151-64.)

"Both prior to October and during the October Revolution, we always said that we regard ourselves and can only regard ourselves as one of the contingents of the international proletarian army We always said that the victory of the socialist revolution therefore, can only be regarded as final when it becomes the victory of the proletariat in at least several advanced countries." (LCW, Vol. 30, pp. 207-8.)

"The Mensheviks assert that we are pledged to defeating the world bourgeoisie on our own. We have, however, always said that we are only a single link in the chain of the world revolution, and have never set ourselves the aim of achieving victory by our own means." (LCW, Vol. 31, p. 431.)

"But we have not finished building even the foundations of socialist economy and the hostile powers of moribund capitalism can still deprive us of that. We must clearly appreciate this and frankly admit it; for there is nothing more dangerous than illusions And there is absolutely nothing terrible in admitting this bitter truth; for we have always urged and reiterated the elementary truth of Marxism - that the joint efforts of the workers of several advanced countries are needed for the victory of socialism." (LCW, Vol. 33, p. 206.)

Hands off Venezuela Campaign kicks off in Fife

On Friday 28th October a successful meeting of ten people was held in Newburgh, Fife, to discuss the Bolivarian revolution and the formation of a local committee in solidarity with our Venezuelan brothers and sisters.

A video screening of the documentary “the revolution will not be televised” took place to give a detailed background of the 2001 coup against president Chavez, and a general overview of the current political climate in Venezuela.

Afterwards, Pablo Shanchez from the Hands off Venezuela Campaign gave a short lead off, briefly filling in the gaps between the events of 2001 to the present day. In this period we have witnessed another electoral victory for Chavez, the nationalisation of many factories under workers control, and also the regrouping of the opposition as they prepare a new wave of attacks to defeat the revolution.

An interesting discussion then took place where many questions were asked and comrades shared their thoughts and opinions of the future of the Bolivarian revolution and it’s relevance to those of us fighting for the socialist transformation of society in Scotland and elsewhere.

It was agreed that we would meet again in November for a screening of the film “Venezuela Bolivariano” and to discuss the next stages of building the campaign in Fife and the surrounding area.

The general mood of the meeting was extremely positive and afterwards everyone present signed up to become a member of the campaign, which Hugo Chavez himself has praised for it’s outstanding work internationally in fighting for solidarity with the Bolivarian revolution.

Anyone interested in getting involved with the HoV activities in Fife should email me at hov_fife@marxismonline.com

It’s just “human nature”…

There are many arguments used against those who advocate the socialist transformation of society, this we can put down to the relentless onslaught of the bourgeois and their capitalist system which is terrified of the revolutionary ideas of Marxism and the liberation of the working class. One such argument that finds many supporters in the ranks of the unconscious working class is that of “human nature”, we must expose this argument as the falsification that it is, but as always we must be prepared, as Lenin said, to “patiently explain”.

Certainly it is not uncommon for people to believe that a “natural human greed” may be present in our genetic make up. Such a thought is so widely claimed in this society that it might seem “perfectly normal” to someone who hasn’t given it a second thought.

This supposed “natural greed” can, and is used to justify so many things that happen in the world. Murders, robberies and wars, we put it all down to the general nastiness of the human being. It’s very strange though because when we see opposing examples of human behaviour, such as a heroic act to save someone’s life, or people contributing voluntary work to a good cause we do not make any reference to “human nature”, we might choose instead to claim that these are “good people” and very different from the “bad people” who kill and steal.

It is said that capitalism is a “natural” economic system, this claim is shattered by the fact that capitalism has only existed for a tiny fraction of the existence of human beings. All economic systems are part of the laws of historical development. As Engels explained during our evolution from the ape, Man came out of the trees which freed the hand for things such as hunting and making tools, which in turn lead to increased labour. Through labour new methods were established through time, the emergence of differences in classes took place, each system from primitive communism, to serfdom, to feudalism has came and went through the ages. Capitalism is no exception to this, and the idea of a future socialist society is something that must be prepared for today.

The truth is, there is no such thing as a naturally “good” or “bad” person. Each person’s character and being is shaped by the many factors around him or her from the day of their birth. As Marx said “conditions determine consciousness”, an extremely important factor in the conditions around a person would be the economic system around them. This system that will determine if poverty exists, if they are employed or unemployed, if they are in debt, if they are poor, or if they are wealthy, perhaps they sell their labour power to survive, perhaps they employ workers to make money. These are all vital factors, and combined they shape and mould the people who live under them. Capitalism is a profit-based greed operated system, and therefore those existing within it will always repeat these qualities on various scales. From stealing a television, to embezzling millions of pounds, these crimes are a reflection of society itself.

Ultimately, as humans, the main “natural” quality we have, as with all mammals, is a will to survive. In order to survive we are no longer required to compete against eachother to live. The capitalist system in its productive era has made it possible for all of mankind to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle without poverty or famine. But capitalism now holds us back. The fact that there is enough on earth to provide a good life for all is cancelled out by the fact that too much wealth is concentrated in the hands of too few people. The class system that operates the capitalist system will not allow a good standard of living for all – it could not, it would self destruct.

Some people have said that you cannot give the workers power – they are too greedy. I say we are not greedy enough! Is it not the case that we toil and struggle, not for the fruits of our labour but only for a fraction of what it is worth? Is it not true that whilst we struggle the wealth produced by our labour is enjoyed by a minority of others? Effectively we contribute in the running of a system that enriches others and exploits ourselves. That is not greed, it is naivety. We must overcome this naivety by standing up as workers and revolutionaries, to show the way forward towards a new and better life for all, towards an international brotherhood of man, a world of socialism and peace.

Cleaning up after capitalism

Only a workers dictatorship has the strength to solve the problems caused by capitalism.

In every town and city, from housing estates to town centres we witness daily scenes of intimidation, thuggery, violence, vandalism, drug dealing and all sorts of other problems that can make life in urban areas very unpleasant for all. These problems prevent us from achieving a good and fair society for all, but these problems are not ‘natural’ occurrences that one could put down to general ‘human badness’, these problems are the problems of the capitalist system and its class division.

It is frequently claimed by those on the right that the state must “get tough” on these offenders, yet the “tougher” governments get the more the crimes seem to happen. Instead of taking the same reactionary knee jerk reaction as our conservative opponents, let us first try to trace the problem to its roots. We are of course logical people seeking a logical and practical solution, we cannot achieve this without first understanding exactly what we are dealing with.

Crime is a natural product of poverty, poverty and unemployment are a fertile breeding ground for all sorts of crime.

Unemployment is a product of the free market (capitalism). Nobody has the 'right' to a job since society relies largely on businesses as employers to employ workers. Businesses will always employ the minimum amount of workers it possibly can to maximise profit, this causes unemployment.

Unemployment, combined with the class system, low wages and poor living conditions cause poverty. We also see a growing class of what Marx described as Lumpenproletariat We find an excellent definition in the Encyclopaedia of Marxism

Roughly translated as slum workers or the mob, this term identifies the class of outcast, degenerated and submerged elements that make up a section of the population of industrial centers. It includes beggars, prostitutes, gangsters, racketeers, swindlers, petty criminals, tramps, chronic unemployed or unemployables, persons who have been cast out by industry, and all sorts of declassed, degraded or degenerated elements. In times of prolonged crisis (depression), innumerable young people also, who cannot find an opportunity to enter into the social organism as producers, are pushed into this limbo of the outcast. Here demagogues and fascists of various stripes find some area of the mass base in time of struggle and social breakdown, when the ranks of the Lumpenproletariat are enormously swelled by ruined and declassed elements from all layers of a society in decay.

Large amounts of crime are caused by this class. Can the capitalist system and its governments tackle this problem though? Of course not. No matter how “tough” they handle individual or collective situations they remain the actual cause of the problem itself by maintaining the class system and ultimately causing such lower classes to exist in the first place.

As revolutionary socialists we desire to overthrow the capitalist system and replace it with a workers government, which in its early stages will be a dictatorship of the working class. Because our labour power already runs society we can organise ourselves in such a way that we do not require businesses and corporations to employ workers, the workers state owns and controls the means of production itself, planning society and moving it forwards towards the liquidation of the class system.

The problems left over from centuries of capitalism will be left in the hands of the workers government. We have no choice but to solve these problems. Like our conservative opponents we must be “tough”, the difference being we will deal with the causes of the problem to ensure that it cannot continue. We are of course left over with an “end product” of the old order, a large group of people who ultimately have been failed by the capitalist society and have resorted to crimes of all nature to live. We would not be socialists if we did not offer these people a chance to contribute to society in the cause of socialism, and to live without want or need. But we should tread with caution, and any efforts made to sabotage or undermine the stability of our rule should be dealt with swiftly and harshly.

The only way to abolish this class - a class which can be just as dangerous to socialism as the old ruling classes – is to destroy the class system through the implementation of a workers dictatorship. The establishment of this dictatorship remains our main task today as revolutionaries in a capitalist system, but we should not be afraid to openly state our aims and intentions of how we intend to solve the countless day to day problems that will always be used in arguments against us as “proof” that our ideas and cause are little more than a utopian dream.

We are not dreamers, we are practical realists, seeking a real and practical solution. Let’s make this perfectly clear as we continue to move forward towards a new system that can provide a good and fair life for all, leaving behind all the old rubbish of today that has ruined so many lives and will continue to do so, so long as the cause of the problem is allowed to exist.

Letter to the Republican Socialist Youth Movement of Ireland

Comrades of the RSYM

I extend my warmest comradely greetings to you, in your struggle against imperialism and for a united Ireland controlled by the working class. Malcolm X once said “the future belongs to those who prepare for it today”, this is absolutely true, and I cannot stress enough the importance of young socialists building, organising, educating and preparing for the colossal struggles ahead.

You will raise the banner as your comrades did before you, from Connolly to Sands, the traditions and heart of the Irish republicans is stronger than the arms and wealth of any imperialist state. United, the working class can never be defeated, and united we will be.

In solidarity from Scotland.

Tiocfaidh ár la